If the duty cycle higher, then the average voltage is applied to the DC motor (High Speed), and the lower the duty cycle, the less the average voltage being applied to the dc motor(Low Speed).In the above schematic drawing, the inputs IN1(pin 5) and IN2(pin 7) of the L298N motor driver are connected to the pin 10 and pin 9 of Arduino respectively. The average voltage is proportional to the width of the pulses, these pulses known as Duty Cycle.
#L298n motor driver how to connect to arduino series
Pulse Width Modulation is a technique where the average value of the input voltage is adjusted by sending a series of ON-OFF pulses. In this technique, the speed of a DC motor can be controlled by changing its input voltage. L298n motor driver module uses the PWM technique to control the speed of rotation of a DC motor. L298N Motor Driver Module Working of H-Bridge Case 3 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Techniques So, in this condition motor start rotating in a particular direction (anticlockwise).
When S2 and S3 switches are closed, then the right motor terminal is getting a positive (+) voltage and the left motor terminal is getting a negative (-) voltage. L298N Motor Driver Module Working of H-Bridge Case 2 Case 3 So, in this condition motor start rotating in a particular direction (clockwise). When the switch S1 and S4 are closed, then the motor left terminal is getting a positive (+) voltage and the motor right terminal is getting a negative(-) voltage. L298N Motor Driver Module Working of H-Bridge Case 1 Case 2 So, in this condition, the motor is stopped (not working). When S1, S2, S3, and S4 all switches are open then no current goes to the Motor terminals. We can change the direction of the current flow by activating two particular switches at the same time, this way we can change the rotation direction of the motor. Input IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4 pins actually control the switches of the H-Bridge circuit inside L298N IC. In this technique, H-Bridge controlled DC motor rotating direction by changing the polarity of its input voltage.Īn H-Bridge circuit contains four switching elements, like transistors (BJT or MOSFET), with the motor at the center forming an H-like configuration. L298n motor driver module uses the H-Bridge technique to control the direction of rotation of a DC motor. These are H-Bridge – For controlling rotation direction and PWM – For controlling the speed. This module uses two techniques for the control speed and rotation direction of the DC motors. This terminal block will provide the output for Motor B. This terminal block will provide the output for Motor A. If we connect this pin to Ground the Motor B will be disabled. In that way, we can control the speed of Motor B. If we remove the jumper, we need to connect this pin to a PWM input of the microcontroller. If a jumper is present on this pin, so the pin connected to +5 V and the motor will be enabled, then the Motor B rotates maximum speed. If we connect this pin to Ground the Motor A will be disabled.ĮNB pin is used to control the speed of Motor B. In that way, we can control the speed of Motor A. If a jumper is present on this pin, so the pin connected to +5 V and the motor will be enabled, then the Motor A rotates maximum speed. If both the inputs are either HIGH or LOW the Motor A will stop.ĮNA pin is used to control the speed of Motor A. When one of them is HIGH and the other is LOW, Motor A will start rotating in a particular direction. These are used to control the rotating direction of Motor A. If both the inputs are either HIGH or LOW the Motor A will stop. If the 5V-EN jumper is removed, you need to connect it to the 5V power supply of the microcontroller.
If the 5V-EN jumper is in place, this pin acts as output and can be used to power up a microcontroller or other circuitry (sensor).
+5V pin supplies power for the switching logic circuitry inside the L298N IC. It needs to be connected to the power supply ground(negative). VCC pin is used to supply power to the motor. L298N Motor Driver Module Pin Diagram/Pinout/Pin configuration
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